Abstract
In this paper, a heat pump air conditioning system (HPACS) with refrigerant R134a based on the functional requirements of battery electric vehicle is designed and tested. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different ambient temperature, air flow rate of internal condenser, expansion valve (EXV) opening and compressor speed. The results demonstrate that air flow rate of internal condenser, EXV opening and compressor speed have important impact on heating capacity, compressor power consumption and coefficient of performance (COP) under several ambient temperatures. To verify the HPACS can also provide the heating capacity required by the battery electric vehicle cabin in cold climate, the system was also tested under a −5 °C ambient temperature, it was found that the heating capacity is 3.6 kW and the COP is 3.2, demonstrating that the system has high energy efficiency. In addition, heating process analysis of the HPACS under lower temperature is studied by exergy principle. The results indicate that compressor is the highest exergy destruction in all components, accounting for 55%. The percentage of exergy destruction in other components is about 28%, 12% and 5% for the expansive valve, condenser, and evaporator. Furthermore, air flow rate of internal condenser, ambient temperature and expansion valve opening have important impact on exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of the HPACS.
Highlights
With the development of social economy and improvement of environmental requirements, battery electric vehicles (BEV) are considered as a potential substitute for conventional internal combustion engine automobile [1,2]
The main purpose of this paper is to study the influence of the electrical expansion valve (EXV), air flow rate of the internal heat exchanger, compressor speeds and ambient temperature on heating performance of the heat pump air conditioning system (HPACS) for BEV in a cold area and exergy destruction in depth
The system performance of HPACS with refrigerant R134a was investigated under different ambient temperature, the air flow rate of the internal condenser, EXV opening and compressor speed
Summary
With the development of social economy and improvement of environmental requirements, battery electric vehicles (BEV) are considered as a potential substitute for conventional internal combustion engine automobile [1,2]. There is no enough waste heat from power system to be utilized to warm up the cabin of BEV [3]. Because the battery is the only energy source of BEV, the air conditioning system will reduce the driving mileage of electric vehicle and affect the power performance of the whole vehicle in the winter [4]. In order to adapt these changes, an additional heater is required for cabin heating in the winter. Under the condition of providing the same heating capacity, the electric energy consumed by the HPACS is significantly lower than that of positive temperature coefficient (PTC)heater. The HPACS will greatly reduce the electric vehicle energy consumption
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