Abstract
Abstract. Healthcare Critical Infrastructure (HCI) is not an independent network; the operation of a healthcare facility depends on many other Critical Infrastructure (CI) networks such as electric supply CI, water supply CI, etc., forming an interdependent CI network. During a flooding disaster event, as the flood levels rise, the interdependent HCI network becomes vulnerable. A failure in one of the CI results in failure of the dependent CI. During a disaster event such as flooding, the failures propagate and cause cascading failures like a domino effect. The paper proposes an IoT based flood sensor network integrated with a stochastic Petri net interdependent healthcare critical infrastructure network simulation model. An IoT (Internet of Things) based flood water level sensor network can deliver real-time information on the flood conditions at the various interdependent CI facilities in the interdependent network, using the Sensor Observation Services (SOS). The Stochastic Petri Net (SCPN) based interdependent Healthcare Critical Infrastructure (HCI) simulation model, is used to model and simulate the stochastic interdependencies between the interdependent HCI networks. The real-time flood sensor network is integrated with the SCPN based interdependent HCI simulation model. The end to end system is developed in a spatiotemporal environment. This kind of an integrated simulation model will help the end-user to understand system dynamics in real-time, visualize and predict the propagation of cascading failure scenarios in an Interdependent HCI network in a spatiotemporal environment, during a flooding scenario. Real-time information simulation would help disaster response personnel to respond to the question, ‘what if something else happens?
Highlights
Critical Infrastructure (CI) refers to essential services such as water supply, power, transportation, and telecommunications systems, energy systems, hospitals (Healthcare), finance, and government services
The main limitation of these models is that they cannot be used to model, simulate, and analyze the dynamics of the uncertainty of a large complex system. This limitation is addressed by developing a simulation model using Stochastic Coloured Petri Net (SCPN), which increases the strength of the Petri Net and makes it possible to simulate a large real-time complex process
An internet of things technologies (IoT) based flood sensor network integrated with Interdependent Healthcare Critical Infrastructure network Stochastic Petri net simulation model (HCISCPN) is described by the concept of different states of the simulation model based on the real-time IoT data tokens form the various IoT sensors at the CI facilities
Summary
Critical Infrastructure (CI) refers to essential services such as water supply, power, transportation (road, rail, air, and water), and telecommunications systems, energy systems (electric power, oil, and gas), hospitals (Healthcare), finance, and government services. Urban Flooding can have severe implications on the Interdependent Critical Infrastructures at the onset of a flood. Critical infrastructure networks are dependent on each other for their functioning. A healthcare facility (hospital) is dependent on the power grid (electric substation) for electric supply and the water distribution network (water pumping station) for water supply. A failure in one of the CI results in failure of the dependent CI. Instead of getting to a state of emergency, one in which interdependent HCI facilities network becomes vulnerable. There is an urgent need for smarter cities where we could prevent and prepare our critical infrastructure for the challenges ahead (Loosemore, Chow, McGeorge, 2014) (Nukavarapu, Durbha, 2016)
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