Health risk assessment of heavy metals in direct drinking water among middle and primary schools in Huangpi District of Wuhan

Abstract

Objective To analyze heavy metal health risks of direct drinking water in primary and secondary schools in Huangpi District, Wuhan, so as to provide reference basis for ensuring drinking water safety of teachers and students. Methods Cadmium (Cd), Plumbum (Pb) and arsenic (As) in water samples from primary and secondary schools were detected in accordance with the GB/T 5750–2006 “Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water”, water quality was evaluated based on the Quality Standard for Fine Drinking Water (CJ 94–2005). Health risk assessment model was used to evaluate the potential risk of heavy metals in direct drinking water in primary and secondary schools. Results The unqualified rates of Pb, Cd and As were 0.95%, 1.22% and 0 in 66 primary and secondary schools in Huangpi District, Wuhan. The risk of noncarcinogens related to the direct drinking water of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As) were less than 1. The range of carcinogenic risks related to the direct drinking water was within the range of 1.07×10 -8/year–5.58×10 -6/year which were both within the acceptable level. Conclusion Concentrations of cadmium, plumbum and arsenic were not found to be significantly elevated as compared to “Quality Standard for Fine Drinking Water” in Huangpi District of Wuhan. Pb and Cd slightly exceeded the standard, with no significant health risk. Water quality and health risk assessment should be strengthened to ensure the safety of drinking water for teachers and students. 【摘要】 目的 分析武汉市黄陂区中小学校直饮水重金属健康风险, 为保障师生饮水安全提供参考依据。 方法 采集武 汉市黄陂区66所中小学校直饮水, 按照«生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750—2006)检测水中重金属铅(Pb)、镉 (Cd)、砷(AS), 参照《饮用净水水质标准》(CJ 94—2005)进行评价。利用健康风险评价法(HRA)评价水质重金属健康风 险。 结果 检测结果显示, 水质Pb、Cd、As不合格率分别为0.95%, 1.22%和0,水质Pb、Cd、As非致癌风险均<1, 致癌风险 在1.07×10 -8/年~5.58×l0 -6/年范围, 均处于可接受水平。 结论 武汉市黄陂区中小学校直饮水重金属Pb、Cd、As质量体 积浓度符合标准要求, 较少部分水样Pb、Cd轻度超标, 尚未见明显健康风险性。需加强水质卫生管理、监测及健康风险评 价, 确保学校师生饮水安全。