Health literacy and associated factors of freshmen from Jiangsu Province during 2017 and 2018

Abstract

Objective To understand health literacy and associated factors of freshmen from Jiangsu Province, and to provide reference for youth health education. Methods From 2017 October to 2018 October, a total of 15 602 college freshman were randomly selected from 20 universities in Jiangsu Province via stratified cluster sampling method. Structural questionnaires were used to investigate the status of health literacy. The χ 2 test and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of health literacy. Results The health literacy level of college freshmen from Jiangsu Province was 20.2%, among which the literacy levels of knowledge, behavior and skills were 23.0%, 30.7% and 31.5% respectively. The literacy levels of the six public health issues, including safety and first aid, scientific health attitude, knowledge of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, health information, basic health care, and prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, from high to low, were 72.8%, 58.7%, 28.5%, 28.2%, 20.3% and 15.9%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis has showed that students from undergraduate colleges ( OR = 2.77, 95% CI =2.47–3.11), urban areas ( OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.07–1.34), or southern Jiangsu regions ( OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.00–1.22), being the only child ( OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03–1.25), higher maternal education level ( OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.30–1.79), having both parents ( OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.00–1.34), reported higher level of health literacy. Conclusion The three aspects and six dimensions of health literacy of college freshmen were unbalanced. Health literacy is a shared function of multiple factors including society, family, and individuals. It is essential to promote health education through more efforts on key issues, in order to effectively elevate the health literacy level of adolescent students. 【摘要】 目的 了解江苏籍大一新生健康素养现况及影响因素, 为开展青少年学生健康素养提升行动提供科学依据。 方法 于 2017 年 10 月一2018 年 10 月采用分层随机抽样的方法选取江苏省 20 所髙校 15 602 名江苏籍大一新生, 使用标准 健康素养问卷通过 “江苏髙校大一新生健康数据管理系统” 线上调査,应用 χ 2 检验和多因素 Logistic 回归模型分析健康素 养的影响因素。 结果 江苏籍大一新生健康素养水平为 20.2%, 基本知识和理念、健康生活方式和行为、基本技能 3 个方 面素养水平分别为 23.0%, 30.7% 和 31.5%; 6 类健康问题素养水平由髙到低依次为安全与急救 (72.8%)、科学健康观 (58.7%)、传染病防治 (28.5%)、健康信息 (28.2%)、基本医疗 (20.3%) 和慢性病防治 (15.9%)。多因素 Logistic 回归分析 显示, 学校类型、家庭居住地、地区、是否独生子女、母亲文化程度、家庭结构是江苏籍大一新生健康素养的影响因素, 本科 院校 ( OR = 2.77,95% CI = 2.47~3.11)、城市 ( OR =1.20,95% CI = 1.07~1.34)、苏南地区 ( OR =1.10,95% CI =1.00~1.22)、独生 子女 ( OR = 1.13,95% CI = 1.03~1.25)、母亲文化程度为专/本科及以上 ( OR =1.53,95% CI = 1.30~1.79)以及父母健全家庭 ( OR =1.16,95% CI =1.00~1.34) 的学生具有更髙的健康素养水平。 结论 江苏籍大一新生健康素养水平一般, 健康素养 3 个方面、6 类问题的发展不均衡。健康素养是社会、家庭、个人多因素共同作用的结果, 应针对重点问题加大健康促进力 度, 有效提升青少年学生健康素养水平。