Abstract
In a context of territorial disputes, the politicization of identity has represented a way of supporting the peasant populations and traditional communities to stay in their place. The culture as a resource and the resource to the culture has been use as strategies of mobilization to obstruct the dynamics of expropriation that affect these population in so far as the economical fronts advance on the new territories. To try to account for this tangle universe that plasma at the junction between culture, territorial fights, socio-legal recognition and environmental preservation, the article is anchored in fields works conducted in the western region of Para, which over the last decade has been locus of intense conflicts of lands involving new areas of capitalist accumulation and traditional populations, indigenous and peasant populations. From the data collected in the works fields, it will aim to demonstrate how the use of culture in association with the politicization of differences has been tacked by territorial belonging to guarantee the permanence of traditional people in their ancestral places occupied. Then, the article analyzes the decision of the Supreme Court in the judicial case which challenges the continuous demarcation of the Raposa Serra do Sol. This case is paradigmatic to understand the speeches and arguments delivered by the Brazilian main Court regarding the recognition of cultural and territorial rights. The data and analysis collated here, it will aim to demonstrate how the use of culture in association with the politicization of the differences has been brought to guarantee the permanence of traditional people in their ancestral places. Nevertheless, the judiciary, when faced with universalizing categories, as a nation, territory and sovereignty, has operated a particularization of the rights of traditional communities, turning them into a kind of public interest in the second category. Keywords: cultural identity, ethnic recognition, legalization of difference.
Highlights
A luta das populações tradicionais, indígenas e quilombolas para manterem o controle e permanecerem nas terras ancestralmente ocupadas vem sendo dificultada pelo avanço das frentes econômicas de exploração capitalista
O primeiro trabalho de campo foi desenvolvido entre os dias 12/09 e 05/10/2009 no âmbito do projeto de pesquisa “Experiências em cartografia social e constituição de sujeitos em conflitos ambientais”, cujo intuito foi compreender como estava se dando a destinação de terras no conjunto de glebas Mamuru-Arapiuns,2 bem como analisar as formas de atuação das populações tradicionais e movimentos sociais na construção de uma proposta contra-hegemônica de uso e apropriação dos territórios (Assis, 2010)
Wendell Ficher Teixeira Assis, Anabelle Santos Lages politicamente as diferenças que valem, bem como neutralizar as tentativas de deslegitimação do uso da diferença levadas a cabo por agentes do mercado ou do Estado, que colocam sob suspeita o acionamento da cultura ou da etnicidade como mecanismos que lastreiam a conquista e manutenção de direitos
Summary
A luta das populações tradicionais, indígenas e quilombolas para manterem o controle e permanecerem nas terras ancestralmente ocupadas vem sendo dificultada pelo avanço das frentes econômicas de exploração capitalista.
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