Compensatory measures in technological disasters: a neglected link?

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The objective of this research is to analyze how the medium-term effects of disasters in Brazil are mitigated. To this end, an analysis of the legislation and the Terms of Adjustment of Conduct was used, the instrument through which disaster-causing companies and the Brazilian State adapt conducts, in four specific cases (Chevron, Iberpar, Samarco and Hydro Alumnorte). We detected the predominance of the generalist and vague definition of both compensatory measures and the instruments and strategies for their implementation, but with some learning over time. The exclusion of the participation of the affected communities as a recurring aspect in the original agreements and the absence of specialized sectors of the State both in the control and in the implementation of the actions draws attention. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como são mitigados os efeitos de médio prazo decorridos de desastres no Brasil. Para tanto, recorreu-se à análise da legislação e dos Termos de Ajuste de Conduta, instrumento por meio dos quais as empresas causadoras de desastres e o Estado brasileiro adequam condutas, em quatro casos específicos (Chevron, Iberpar, Samarco e Hydro Alumnorte). Detectamos o predomínio da definição generalista e vaga tanto das medidas compensatórias quanto dos instrumentos e estratégias de sua implementação, mas com certa aprendizagem ao longo do tempo. Chama atenção a exclusão da participação das comunidades atingidas como aspecto recorrente nos acordos originais e a ausência dos setores especializados do Estado tanto no controle como na implementação das ações.

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  • 10.14393/hygeia2174741
SAÚDE COLETIVA E DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL NO ESTUDO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE PERFURAÇÃO DE POÇOS DE PETRÓLEO NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
  • Jun 10, 2025
  • Hygeia - Revista Brasileira de Geografia Médica e da Saúde
  • José Marcos Da Silva + 2 more

This article presents the results of a study aimed at analyzing an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) related to the drilling of oil wells in offshore waters in the Northeast of Brazil. A research method was developed consisting of creating a convergence matrix between the core elements of the EIA, as defined by Brazilian environmental legislation, and essential public health indicators. Additionally, the degree of inclusion was assessed across four dimensions: incipient, insufficient, intermediate, and advanced. The results show an incipient level of inclusion for EIA elements related to the protection of public health and ecological balance, in the context of the expansion of oil extraction, production, and transportation. This scenario presents risks of accidents and technological disasters, which are downplayed due to the omission of key information in the environmental diagnosis, impact assessment, and proposed mitigation and compensatory measures, which were still underdeveloped in the project. This indicates a mechanism that conceals the real impacts on public health and the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to implement sustainable environmental regulations, integrating the Unified Health System (SUS) to address potential chemical risk scenarios.

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