Gully erosion model of the archaeological site of Eridu Ziggurat in the southern plateau of Iraq using RS-GIS technology

Abstract

The metamorphic processes represented by the process of erosion of the grooves by rainwater is one of the most important processes that affect the structure of the archaeological hills, including the site of Zaqra Eridu. This worked on the activity of rain erosion operations during the rainy season of the year. The problem of the research is whether rain erosion leaves grooves that distort the facades or remnants of the Eridu ziggurat area, and can the severity and degree of erosion erosion be measured within the site of the study area using GIS technology, and is it possible to provide means of protection and maintenance of the archaeological site from the processes of gully erosion. The spatial analytical approach will be adopted and the mathematical quantitative approach based on the extrapolation and analysis of geographical data will be adopted, as well as the use of the descriptive approach. In order to achieve this goal, a field survey will be postponed to discover the site of the Eridu Ziggurat by observing and observing the grooves that the region was exposed to, preparing a digital spatial database for the region and building The digital elevation model, as well as building a gully erosion model, its degree and intensity for the location of the study area. GIS technology, in addition to providing a practical study and a spatial database, the results of which benefit from the General Authority for Antiquities of Dhi Qar Governorate. The study shows that the ziggurat of Arduwa is located within a range of a complex drainage network that reaches the sixth rank, and it is also guaranteed that it penetrates with a network of high density (340-580 m / km 2) according to the classification of the density of the river beds, and therefore it suffered from being cut by grooves that showed its buried features under the surface of the earth on one side Its outer walls were smashed on the other hand, that is, it is within the range of high erosion within the category (1501-2700) according to the degrees of erosion of Berkisma. This study seeks to preserve archaeological sites by following planning standards for their maintenance and restoration and exploitation of the attractions of archaeological tourism.