Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate four strains of Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum IBLF 006 WP, T. harzianum IBLF 006 SC, T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 and T. asperellum URM 5911) for seedling growth promotion in laboratory and head lettuce yield in field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four treatments (strains): IBLF 006 WP, IBLF 006 SC, ESALQ 1306 and URM 5911 and a non-inoculated (without Trichoderma) control. Each treatment consisted of 200 seeds, arranged in four replicates. Lettuce seeds cv. Astra were treated with 2 mL Trichoderma suspension (2.5 x 108 conidia mL-1 per each 100 g seeds) and submitted to growth assay in laboratory up to 7 days after sowing. For field experiment, we opened furrows, which were manually sprayed with 5 x 107 conidia mL-1. Afterwards, seedlings were transplanted (4 to 6 leaves of head lettuce cv. Mauren) and harvested 40 days later. Each treatment consisted of four replicates (1.2 x 1.2 m, 16 plants per plot) arranged in randomized blocks. In both experiments, a control without Trichoderma application was included, and we evaluated shoot length, root and total length, shoot, root and total fresh mass and shoot, root and total dry mass, shoot mass ratio, root mass ratio and shoot/root ratio. The germination (%) was evaluated by laboratory tests, whereas in field experiment, height, stem diameter, head diameter, number of leaves and yield were evaluated. The T. harzianum strain ESALQ 1306 provided the best head lettuce growth rate in laboratory test, which was confirmed in field experiment, in which the productivity (50.2 t ha-1) was superior when compared to the other strains (41.38 to 44.23 t ha-1) and the control (30.18 t ha-1).
Highlights
Promoção do crescimento e da produtividade de alface pelo emprego de cepas comerciais de Trichoderma spp
A control without Trichoderma application was included, and we evaluated shoot length, root and total length, shoot, root and total fresh mass and shoot, root and total dry mass, shoot mass ratio, root mass ratio and shoot/root ratio
The T. harzianum strain ESALQ 1306 provided the best head lettuce growth rate in laboratory test, which was confirmed in field experiment, in which the productivity (50.2 t ha-1) was superior when compared to the other strains (41.38 to 44.23 t ha-1) and the control (30.18 t ha-1)
Summary
Promoção do crescimento e da produtividade de alface pelo emprego de cepas comerciais de Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum IBLF 006 WP, T. harzianum IBLF 006 SC, T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 e T. asperellum URM 5911) na promoção do crescimento de plântulas em laboratório e na produtividade de alface americana em campo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (cepas): IBLF 006 WP, IBLF 006 SC, ESALQ 1306 e URM 5911 e um tratamento sem inoculação com Trichoderma que foi incluído como testemunha. Astra foram tratadas com 2 mL de suspensão de Trichoderma (2,5 x 108 conídios mL-1 para cada 100 g de sementes) e submetidas a teste de crescimento em laboratório até os 7 dias após o semeio. A cepa T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 proporcionou melhor crescimento de alface americana em laboratório, o que foi confirmado em campo, cuja produtividade (50,2 t ha-1) foi superior às demais cepas (41,38 a 44,23 t ha-1) e à testemunha (30,18 t ha-1). Many studies point out the use of Trichoderma to promote initial growth of many commercial crops, such as tomatoes and beans (Chacón et al, 2007; Guimarães et al, 2014), as well as an increase in grain yield and leaf crops (Azevedo Filho et al, 2011; Carvalho et al, 2015a)
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