Abstract
This paper provides a broad overview of issues on groundwater condition and management in the Kano region of northwestern Nigeria. The aim is to recommend new management strategies that can ensure sustainable groundwater resource management in the region. To achieve the aim of the study, various studies on groundwater conducted in the region were reviewed and key issues were identified. The review revealed that groundwater availability varied between the Basement Complex and Chad Formation areas of the region, with the latter having more of the resource than the former region as a result of the migration of groundwater from the Basement complex to the Chad Formation region. The review also revealed a steady annual decrease of groundwater level during the period 2010 to 2013 and the groundwater beneath the floodplains dropped from 9000 Million Cubic Meter (MCM) in 1964 to 5000 MCM in 1987 in the Chad Formation area of the region. The review further revealed that there is poor knowledge regarding the impact of historical and projected climate variability and change on groundwater availability in the region. This is as a result of the lack of sustained time series data on groundwater resource. Thus, there has been little or no integrated management between groundwater excess and deficiency on one hand, and groundwater pollution management on the other hand. Rainwater harvesting, among other approaches, is recommended for sustainable groundwater management in the region.
Highlights
The importance of water to life on earth, to human beings, becomes clearer when one considers its role or usefulness in various aspects of human endeavor [1]
Results shows that about 2619 Million Cubic Meter (MCM) of surface water is available annually upstream of Wudil (HS 1), 658 MCM is available between Wudil and Hadejia (HS 2), while 905 MCM is available between Hadejia and Gashua (HS 3)
To assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking in the Basement Complex area of Twenty sample of groundwater were collected from boreholes randomly located in five different geological settings of the area
Summary
The importance of water to life on earth, to human beings, becomes clearer when one considers its role or usefulness in various aspects of human endeavor [1]. As such water is at the centre of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) numbers 1, 3, 6 and 16 [2]. In many African countries such as Niger, Botswana, and Ghana, groundwater accounts for 71.43%, 50% and 47.56%, respectively, of their total freshwater sources [5] and accounts for over 60.9% of the domestic supply in the Ejisu-Juaben municipality of the Ashanti Region of Ghana [6].
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