Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using algae and microalgae

Abstract

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered to be an environment-friendly and cost-effective process. Ions (typically positively charged/anionic moieties) are absorbed to the surface of microorganisms due to the presence of negative charge on the cell wall resulting in the formation of metal particles (usually nanoparticles) on the surface of these cells. In this entry, some important aspects of nanoparticle formation by the employment of microalgae and cyanobacteria have been reviewed. After a short definition of nanoparticles and their biosynthesis, different types of nanoparticles produced by cyanobacteria and microalgae are presented. The ability of the marine microorganisms to form nanoparticles with favorable physicochemical and morphological properties in ideal sizes has opened up a novel approach to nanoparticle synthesis.