Abstract
Phytoconstituents presenting in herbal plant broths are the biocompatible, regenerative, and cost-effective sources that can be utilized for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Different plant extracts can form nanoparticles with specific sizes, shapes, and properties. In the study, we prepared silver nanoparticles (P.uri.AgNPs, P.zey.AgNPs, and S.dul.AgNPs) based on three kinds of leaf extracts (Phyllanthus urinaria, Pouzolzia zeylanica, and Scoparia dulcis, respectively) and demonstrated the antifungal capacity. The silver nanoparticles were simply formed by adding silver nitrate to leaf extracts without using any reducing agents or stabilizers. Formation and physicochemical properties of these silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. P.uri.AgNPs were 28.3 nm and spherical. P.zey.AgNPs were 26.7 nm with hexagon or triangle morphologies. Spherical S.dul.AgNPs were formed and they were relatively smaller than others. P.uri.AgNPs, P.zey.AgNPs and S.dul.AgNPs exhibited the antifungal ability effective against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum, demonstrating their potentials as fungicides in the biomedical and agricultural applications.
Highlights
Metallic nanoparticles have attracted much attention because of their intrinsic properties that are advantageous in many applications
Leaf extracts were obtained from three plant species including P. urinaria, P. zeylanica, and S. dulcis (Figure 1); and their pH value was around 7
The ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) spectra of pure extracts (Figure 2a–c, dashed line) did not have any peaks in the wavelength range of 350–700 nm, and the peaks of spectra were at the wavelength around 200–280 nm, representing π − π* or n − π* transition of a myriad of organic compounds in plant extracts due to an absorbing wavelength of the UV radiation
Summary
Metallic nanoparticles have attracted much attention because of their intrinsic properties that are advantageous in many applications. AgNPs inhibit formation of biofilm and antibiotic resistant strains [5] In this antimicrobial respect, cationic polymers [6,7,8], liquid metals [9], and nitric oxide [10] exhibited the comparable or more remarkable efficiency than AgNPs, but the complicated synthesis and high cost limited their applications within biomedical or high-tech area. Capping agents using synthetic polymers have been become unfavorable, due to cumulative risks in humans, leading to create anti-polymer antibodies, further causing accelerated blood clearance of some pharmaceutical products [16] These methods face further limitations when large scale synthesis is necessitated [17]
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