Green adherent spectrophotometric determination of molnupiravir based on computational calculations; application to a recently FDA-approved pharmaceutical dosage form

Abstract

Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral drug developed to provide significant benefit in reducing hospitalizations or deaths in mild COVID-19. Integrated green computational spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of molnupiravir. Theoretical calculations were performed to predict the best coupling agent for efficient diazo coupling of molnupiravir. The binding energy between molnupiravir and various phenolic coupling agents, α-naphthol, β-naphthol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, resorcinol, and phloroglucinol, was measured using Gaussian 03 software based on the density functional theory method and the basis set B3LYP/6-31G(d). The results showed that the interaction between molnupiravir and 8-hydroxyquinoline was higher than that of other phenolic coupling agents. The method described was based on the formation of a red colored chromogen by the diazo coupling of molnupiravir with sodium nitrite in acidic medium to form a diazonium ion coupled with 8-hydroxyquinoline. The absorption spectra showed maximum sharp peaks at 515 nm. The reaction conditions were optimized. Beer's law was followed over the concentration range of 1–12 μg/ml molnupiravir. Job's continuous variation method was developed and the stoichiometric ratio of molnupiravir to 8-hydroxyquinoline was determined to be 1:1. The described method was successfully applied to the determination of molnupiravir in pure form and in pharmaceutical dosage form. The results showed that the proposed method has minimal environmental impact compared to previous HPLC method.