Abstract
Aims: Design of technical methods for the determination of Furosemide in its pure and pharmaceutical dosage form using spectral methods.
 Study Design: planned and executed to estimate Furosemide by using Visible spectrophotometric in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form.
 Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Analytical Research, chemistry department, college of Science, University of Mosul ,Mosul-Iraq, during the period of April 2021 to August 2021.
 Methodology: Furosemide, the commercially known drug Lazix, which is important in the treatment of heart diseases and high blood pressure. This study was carried out using JASCO V – 630, double-beam computerized UV-Visible spectrophotometer, with 1 cm matched cell, and HANA pH meter was used for reported pH readings.
 Results: The reaction between Furosemide and bromo-phenol blue, xylenol orange, and chromazorol S. The decreasing in the intensity of the resulted colored complex was measured using bromo-phenol blue, xylenol orange, While the increasing of the color intensity was measured in the method (C). These three methods were based on charge transfer reaction. The limits of Beer's law for method (A) 0.4-32µg. mL-1, method (B) 1-32 and method (C) were 0.8-32 depending on the level of concentration, while the values of the molar absorption coefficient 1.4×104, 2.1×104 and 1.57×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 for the first, second and third method respectively. Sandel's significance also was calculated for these three methods, 0.0157 μg.cm-2 for the first method, 0.0236 μg.cm-2 for the second method, while the third method was 0.0210 μg.cm-2. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of furosemide in its pure form and in some of its pharmaceutical preparations
 Conclusion: The proposed methods were validated in terms of linearity, range, Accuracy, precision, Specificity, Robustness. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the estimation of Furosemide in pharmaceutical dosage form, method (B) was experimentally considered as a best method depending on the best values of molar absorptivity, stability of the resulted complex, and the linearity of the method (B) .
Highlights
Furosemide (FSD) is known commercially as Lasix, and chemically as 4-chloro-en-furfuryl-5sulfamoylantranilic acid or 5-(aminesulfonyl)-4chloro-2[(2-furanylmethyl) amino] benzoic acid
FSD is used to treat high blood pressure as well as a diuretic where it is used to treat edema associated with heart failure, cirrhosis, and kidney disease [1,2,3,4,5]
Researchers have dealt with this drug in many studies, which have dealt with its solubility, uses and methods of estimation it, mostly of these method used various techniques, and among of these techniques, a spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods have been used for determination of FSD depending on: charge transfer complex method [6], mass spectroscopy [7], infra-red spectroscopy [8], first order derivative spectroscopy method and absorbance ratio (QAbsorbance) method were used [9], other spectrophotometric method was using principal component regression [10], Validated RP-HPLC Method was used for estimation Furosemide in tablet [11], Some researchers depending on diazotized method to assay FSD [12], liquid chromatography were reported for estimation FSD in plasma and urine samples [13,14], as well as polarographic method [15]
Summary
Furosemide (FSD) is known commercially as Lasix, and chemically as 4-chloro-en-furfuryl-5sulfamoylantranilic acid or 5-(aminesulfonyl)-4chloro-2[(2-furanylmethyl) amino] benzoic acid. FSD is used to treat high blood pressure as well as a diuretic where it is used to treat edema associated with heart failure, cirrhosis, and kidney disease [1,2,3,4,5]. FSD is an important drug for human health, as it is used to treat the most important organs of the body, starting with the heart, kidneys and liver. Liquidliquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used for estimation FSD [17,18]. Spectrophotometric methods adopted different reactions for the determination of FSD in pharmaceutical dosage forms [19,20,21,22], reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography [23], and flow injection with
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