Abstract

We had explained electromagnetism by gravity before a recent publication in this Journal, in which we further incorporated the nuclear strong force in the framework of gravity. This paper, summarizing our cumulative results, continues to integrate the nuclear weak force with gravity, where we go by the following line of logic: Planck’s formula shows energy E = frequency = probability = wave; hence quantum waves have energies and the Universe is a diagonal spacetime manifold containing {(particle pi, electromagnetic wave λ (pi))}. By Feynman’s analysis on electromagnetic mass, we assume that the distribution of E over (p, λ (p)) is (3/4 , 1/4)E. Then Newton’s gravitational acceleration formula yields E = 1.6 × the observed energy o f p, so that p exists only for a duration of 5/8 λ/c over the cycle [0, λ/c], such as evidenced in quantum tunneling, opening the possibility for λ (p) to be combined with other waves forming new particle(s) for t > 58/ λ/c. By the time ratios of two frames in General Relativity we deduce neutron’s lifetime, and by the Higgs mechanism we show neutron’s decay products.

Highlights

  • 1.1 Unfulfilled Goal of Unifying the Four ForcesThe quest for a unified field theory has been an ongoing endeavor in Physics for nearly a century

  • Remark 4 A distinct feature of gravity is the existence of the principle of equivalence between inertial masses and gravitational masses, so that the two cancel out and the size of the inertial ma(ss does not need to) be addressed explicitly, but electromagnetism lacks the same principle and we solved this problem via 1 − γg−r2av · g11,grav, the greater the inertial mass of the particle being acted upon, the smaller the g11,grav and the greater the denominator of the constant of proportionality

  • This process repeats itself if p has a mini black hole; otherwise, λ (p) can combine with other waves to form new particle(s)

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Summary

Unfulfilled Goal of Unifying the Four Forces

The quest for a unified field theory has been an ongoing endeavor in Physics for nearly a century (for a recent study, see Kamada, 2018). We invalidated the electroweak unification by noting the fact that in the Weinberg linear transformation an interchange of the two entries in (Higgs φ, 0)T would fail the sought objective of distributing φ entirely to the Z boson to leave photon without a rest mass

Hypothetical Background of Our Unification of the Four Forces
Method and Results
Integration of Electromagnetism with Gravity
Integration of the Nuclear Strong Force with Gravity
Integration of the Nuclear Weak Force with Gravity
Lifetime of Neutron
Neutron Decay
Discussion
Full Text
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