Abstract
With the rise of the electric vehicle market share, many logistic companies have started to use electric vehicles for goods delivery. Compared to the vehicles with an internal combustion engine, electric vehicles are considered as a cleaner mode of transport that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As electric vehicles have a shorter driving range and have to visit charging stations to replenish their energy, the efficient routing plan is harder to achieve. In this paper, the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (EVRPTW), which deals with the routing of electric vehicles for the purpose of goods delivery, is observed. Two recharge policies are considered: full recharge and partial recharge. To solve the problem, an Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) metaheuristic based on the ruin-recreate strategy is coupled with a new initial solution heuristic, local search, route removal, and exact procedure for optimal charging station placement. The procedure for the O(1) evaluation in EVRPTW with partial and full recharge strategies is presented. The ALNS was able to find 38 new best solutions on benchmark EVRPTW instances. The results also indicate the benefits and drawbacks of using a partial recharge strategy compared to the full recharge strategy.
Highlights
Introduction with Time Windows andPartial orThe Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) aims to determine a set of least-cost electric delivery routes from a depot to a set of geographically scattered customers, subject to side constraints [1]
The results indicate the benefits and drawbacks of using a partial recharge strategy compared to the full recharge strategy
The proposed Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) method is run on benchmark Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (EVRPTW) instances and compared to the best known solutions (BKSs) from the literature
Summary
The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) aims to determine a set of least-cost electric delivery routes from a depot to a set of geographically scattered customers, subject to side constraints [1]. The problem is a special case of the well-known Vehicle Routing. Problem (VRP), in which the delivery is performed by the conventional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs). As the EU tends to decrease Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector by 40%. Electric Vehicles (EVs) come to the fore, as compared to ICEVS, they have several advantages: (i) they do not have local GHG emissions; (ii) produce minimal noise; (iii) can be powered from renewable energy sources; and (iv) are independent of fluctuating oil prices [6,7,8].
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