Abstract
The use of georeferenced systems has been widely used to obtain data on the quality of the environment, aiming to quantify how areas are being occupied, and how natural reserves are being affected as a result of human action. The Sanga Mineira microbasin belongs to the Paraná basin 3 and is considered one of the main water reservoirs in the municipality of Mercedes, with 120 properties in its territory, whose main source of income is agriculture and livestock. For the expansion of monoculture areas, many areas of Legal Reserve and Permanent Preservation are being destroyed by farmers, causing a series of environmental imbalances. Thus, through the above, the research aimed to quantify the areas of Legal Reserve (RL) and Permanent Preservation Area (PPA) in the Sanga Mineira microbasin, using the Georeferenced Information System (GIS), in addition to detecting the main changes that occurred as a result of the change in the Forest Code, to assess whether the new laws have helped to improve the sustainability of the environment. Methodological technical procedures the SPRING program was used to evaluate 97 properties, of which the three main land use classes were verified: Permanent Preservation Area, Legal Reserve Area and Total Consolidated Area. It was concluded that there was a decrease in the Legal Reserve areas and an increase in the areas of APP’s and Total Consolidated Area.
Highlights
The increasing number of deforested areas in Brazil has generated great concern for environmentalists, mainly because it can generate environmental, social, economic and ecological imbalance in the environment
The research is characterized as applied because it has the purpose of seeking solutions for the impacts caused by the change of the Forest Code, which has been affecting mainly the Legal Reserve and Permanent Preservation Areas in the Sanga Mineira microbasin in the municipality of Mercedes-Paraná, raising the question of how there can be a sustainable development in these areas, and their native forests are being taken to expand agroecosystems
The class that obtained increase was the Total Consolidated Area, with 1122.41 ha with 177.46 ha more than area destined to agriculture, that is, the owners began to use the areas of Legal Reserve for agricultural purposes destroying the ecosystem there gift
Summary
The increasing number of deforested areas in Brazil has generated great concern for environmentalists, mainly because it can generate environmental, social, economic and ecological imbalance in the environment. Among the main causes of deforestation are agricultural and livestock activities (Cardoso, 2006). These changes in natural ecosystems have led to profound and probably irreversible changes in the Brazilian scenario (Almeida, 2000). Within the Brazilian legislation, the Forest Code bases the discussions regarding laws, resolutions and decrees related to environmental protection (Carvalho, 2016). The first Brazilian Forest Code was established by Federal Decree No 23,793, dated January 23, 1934. The legislation was in force until, with Federal Law No 4,771, dated September 15, 1965, a new Brazilian Forest Code was established. Its latest version was launched in 2012, with law 12.651, dated March 25, 2012, complemented by law 12.727, October 2012 (Carvalho, 2016)
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