Abstract
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are promising and emerging frameworks having a wide range of applications. The underwater sensor deployment is beneficial; however, some factors limit the performance of the network, i.e., less reliability, high end-to-end delay and maximum energy dissipation. The provisioning of the aforementioned factors has become a challenging task for the research community. In UWSNs, battery consumption is inevitable and has a direct impact on the performance of the network. Most of the time energy dissipates due to the creation of void holes and imbalanced network deployment. In this work, two routing protocols are proposed to avoid the void hole and extra energy dissipation problems which, due to which lifespan of the network increases. To show the efficacy of the proposed routing schemes, they are compared with the state of the art protocols. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes outperform the counterparts.
Highlights
The planet Earth, on which we live our lives, consists of 70% water
TCEB and GARM schemes are proposed for controlling the topology of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) in [7,20], respectively
To overcome the aforementioned problems, two routing protocol namely GEDPAR and E2EVHR are proposed for avoiding the void holes and eliminating the extra energy consumption
Summary
The planet Earth, on which we live our lives, consists of 70% water. Whereas the oceans hold more than 90% of total water. To find the potential neighbor from the forwarder node, some criteria and routing procedures are defined This criterion may base upon efficient energy use or alleviation of void holes. These protocols indicate the routing path for data from the source node at the bottom towards the sinks node at the surface of the ocean These protocols face the different challenges which are associated with the underwater medium, e.g., limited battery resources, interference, noise, reliable Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), high propagation delay, movements of sensors and void holes. As the batteries of sensor nodes in an underwater environment are non-removable and have limited energy storage This issue provides a strong base for efficient battery use. Localization in UWSNs is very important as it has many useful applications, e.g., target tracking, underwater environment monitoring, pollution control and geographic routing protocols.
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