Abstract
In regenerative medicine, stem cell therapy can be used to replace, restore or enhance the biological function of damaged tissues and organs. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from various sources are inexhaustible sources of therapeutic products for cell-based therapies. Various tissues in an adult organism can serve as sources of MSCs. MSCs have multipotent, regenerative and immunosuppressive properties. The main advantage of MSC is the safety of their use, but the effectiveness of stem cell therapy might be limited by low survivability and insufficient expression of various biologically active factors by the transplanted cells. To enhance the viability of MSC and increase their therapeutic potential, scientists perform genetic modification of such cells. For this purpose, recombinant genetic material can be delivered using various viral and non-viral methods. This chapter describes the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used viral, physical and chemical gene delivery vector systems in respect to MSC genetic modification. It should be noted that the MSCs derived from different tissues of the tooth have higher pro-angiogenic, neurogenic and regenerative potential compared to the stem cells of the bone marrow and adipose tissue. The main research areas for genetic engineering of MSCs derived from dental tissues are modulation of phenotype, immortalization, controlling the processes of differentiation and apoptosis, as well as increasing secretion of therapeutic growth factors. In this chapter, we summarize prospective studies of genetically modified MSCs from different tissues of the tooth in the context of their application in regenerative medicine for treatment of dental, ischemic and neurodegenerative diseases.
Published Version
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