Abstract
Genetic engineering in agriculture has emerged as a groundbreaking approach to tackling some of the most pressing challenges of the modern era, including food security, environmental sustainability, and malnutrition. By integrating plant science with molecular biology, this innovative technology enables the development of crops that are more resilient to environmental stressors, enriched with essential nutrients, and less dependent on chemical inputs like pesticides and fertilizers. Examples such as drought-resistant maize, pest-resistant Bt cotton, and biofortified Golden Rice highlight the potential of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to address global issues like hunger and nutrient deficiencies. Additionally, genetic engineering can promote sustainable farming by conserving water, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and optimizing land use. However, the adoption of this technology is not without ethical and environmental concerns, including biodiversity impacts, corporate monopolization, and public skepticism about GMOs. Addressing these challenges through transparent research, robust regulatory oversight, and equitable access to innovations is critical. By responsibly harnessing the potential of genetic engineering, agriculture can be transformed into a more sustainable and equitable system capable of feeding a growing global population while preserving natural resources and promoting environmental health.
Published Version
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