Abstract
The increasing global population and the negative effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on the environment challenge wheat breeding to maximize yield potential and grain protein concentration (GPC) in an economically and environmentally friendly manner. Understanding the molecular mechanisms for the response of yield components to N availability and assimilates allocation to grains provides the opportunity to increase wheat yield and GPC simultaneously. This review summarized quantitative trait loci/genes which can increase spikes and grain number by enhancing N uptake and assimilation at relative early growth stage, and 1000-grain weight and GPC by increasing post-anthesis N uptake and N allocation to grains.
Highlights
Concentration in Wheat: A Review.Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most widely cultivated cereal in the world, providing20% of the calories and protein in the global human diet [1]
As selecting yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) both are important in wheat breeding, and the improvement of both traits depends on efficient N use, this review will summarize N uptake and assimilation quantitative trait loci (QTL)/genes which coordinate the formation of yield and yield components and N allocation to grains
These data indicate that N uptake efficiency (NUpE), NUtE, and N harvest index have great potential to be improved in future wheat breeding
Summary
Wheat received the highest amount of N fertilizers, with 18.2% of global use, followed by maize with 17.8% and rice with 15.2% [4]. It is required to increase wheat yield in an economically and environmentally friendly manner. Such as breeding wheat with improved N use efficiency (NUE) and designing variety-specific recommendations of N fertilizer management [2,7,8,9]. As selecting yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) both are important in wheat breeding, and the improvement of both traits depends on efficient N use, this review will summarize N uptake and assimilation quantitative trait loci (QTL)/genes which coordinate the formation of yield and yield components and N allocation to grains.
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