General Approaches to the Formation of a Moral Educational Standard

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Based on the analysis of the concept of “spirituality” and related concepts (spirit, soul, ethics, morality, morality, spiritual values, ideals, culture, consciousness, personality, etc.), the author actualizes the creation of a spiritual (moral) standard as a leading component of educational standards at all levels. The basis of the education system should be morality, a moral standard, and its essence should be the purposeful formation of a spiritual core and personality structure in each person (worldview, positivity, self-belief, determination, personal qualities and abilities), and in general — thought-creation and conscious construction of one's destiny, life-creation. That is, the main task of the education system is to teach the younger generation to perceive themselves, others and the world around them and to live in it through a system of universal values and spirituality, since human thinking, motives and actions are linked to the values that prevail in their minds. Considering a person as a system, the author considers the systemic requirements for the development of a moral standard: universality, maximum completeness, efficiency, and scientificity. The author analyzes approaches to the development of a moral standard and suggests directions for its construction based on the key human life goals: development, self-realization, relationships, lifestyle and social activities (serving society — from the earliest stage of human development). This approach takes into account two aspects: on the one side, it may include certain requirements of society for a person, taking into account age and level of development; on the other side, it includes conditions for a person to become happy, realize his or her dreams, and find meaning in life. Development ensures the harmonious improvement of personal qualities and abilities and includes: spiritual (growth of positivity, power of influence, etc.), intellectual (overall academic performance), energy (accumulation of vital energy and physical development — health improvement, growth of energy, physical strength, speed, flexibility, endurance) human development. Self-realization reflects the value of a person to the world through his or her activities in society. Relationships — this indicator should actualize all the best that can be between people: in personal life, in the family, in any team that deserves respect. Partial indicators may include: general ethics of behavior, building relationships, the state of the team (respect, gratitude, mutual assistance), having friends, etc. Lifestyle includes: healthy lifestyle, fullness of life, value of time — living in such a way that joy, inspiration, and enjoyment become almost a normal thing. Recommendations for determining indicators and criteria for evaluating pupils in the areas of moral standard have been developed. An approach to building an evaluation system is presented.