Abstract
Galectins (GAL) are β-galactoside binding proteins that can modulate both pregnancy and the response to pathogens. Increased susceptibility to infection by pathogens is linked to periparturient immune suppression and a periparturient rise (PPR) in parasite eggs on pasture. The possible role of GAL in periparturient immune relaxation and PRR needs definition.  The objective of this study was to evaluate galectin secretion and its relationship to measures of the immune relaxation and PRR in periparturient sheep. Samples were collected from pregnant St. Croix sheep (n=6) weekly at days -21 to + 21 relative to lambing. Fecal samples were collected and evaluated for strongyle and coccidia parasite eggs. The concentration of IgA and IgE coproantibodies, total microbial DNA, Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus levels in fecal samples were used as indicators of gut health.  Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture and assessed for Packed Cell Volume (PCV), total and differential white blood cell counts. Total protein concentrations and protein profile were evaluated in serum. Secretion of GAL 1, 3, 9 and 14 were evaluated using ELISAs. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and statistical significance was declared at P <0.05. Galectins tested were secreted in sheep blood. Differential modulation of GAL secretion and correlation with periparturient immune suppression and parasite infection was observed. Galectin secretion was modulated by the periparturient period, type and status of parasite infection. This first insight into a possible role of secreted galectins in periparturient immune relaxation and PRR improves the understanding of the immune response, informs development of management programs and therapeutics and presents Galectin profiles as biomarkers with diagnostic potential.
Highlights
The periparturient period is a critical time for animal health and wellbeing
Body condition score (P≤ 0.0001) and body weight (P≤ 0.0054) of the sheep remained constant before lambing but both decreased after lambing
Coccidia oocytes and strongyle eggs were detected during the periparturient period
Summary
The periparturient period is a critical time for animal health and wellbeing It is generally the immediate period (3 weeks) before lambing and 3 weeks after lambing. In Merino sheep, changes in circulating cell counts, antibody titer (Beasley et al, 2010) leptin and cortisol concentration were linked with both parasite and immune status of the ewe (Beasley et al, 2010). These authors highlighted the need for the identification of factors jmbr.ccsenet.org
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