Abstract
Gains and Losses in Ecosystem Services: Trade-Off and Efficiency Perspectives
Highlights
Problem statement and research motivationHumans rely on nature for various benefits to enhance their well-being (Pearce and Moran, 1994; Daily, 1997; Hooper et al, 2005; MA, 2005; Lehmann et al, 2009)
The results show that the use of plastic mulch, fertilizer placement only in ridges, split fertilization and combination of these nutrient best management practices (NBMP) reduced nitrate that percolates into the groundwater system
The findings indicate that the payments for forest hydrological services for electricity production ranges from 26.3 million USD to 85.5 million USD per year; and that the longevity of the hydroelectric plant can be prolonged by about 35–80 years, depending on the state of forest cover in the watershed, the prices of electricity, and the payment arrangements
Summary
Humans rely on nature for various benefits to enhance their well-being (Pearce and Moran, 1994; Daily, 1997; Hooper et al, 2005; MA, 2005; Lehmann et al, 2009). The thesis contributes to the current literature in several ways: (i) conventional trade-offs between regulating and provisioning services are examined both theoretically and empirically in much more details, with the combination of ecological models and economic analyses, and at different spatial levels; (ii) provisioning and regulating services are quantified in physical and monetary terms which are more convenient and useful for land users and policy makers; (iii) synergies and trade-offs in ES can be identified using the economic efficiency notion; and (iv) payments for ecosystem services are determined with an output-based instead of a traditionally common input-based approach and non-market valuation methods, and effective property right systems for ecosystem management are discussed. Other relevant information is provided in the annex section at the end of this thesis
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