Abstract
Over 257 million people worldwide are chronically infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), making HBV the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure which subsequently results in ∼800,000 deaths annually. Chronic HBV infection is established in part through the virus’ highly stable covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) persisting in the nuclei of infected hepatocytes. The cccDNA serves as the template for transcription of all HBV mRNA transcripts. None of the currently approved treatments for HBV target the source of persistent infection — the cccDNA.
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