Diagnosis, prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy

Viral Hepatitis in Liver Transplantation

Clinical utility in quantifying serum HBV DNA levels using PCR assays

American Gastroenterological Association Institute Technical Review on Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation During Immunosuppressive Drug Therapy

Occult HBV infection—both hidden and mysterious

Reactivation of Hepatitis B During Immunosuppressive Therapy: Potentially Fatal Yet Preventable

The incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in dialysis populations has declined over recent decades, largely because of improvements in infection control and widespread implementation of HBV vaccination. Regardless, outbreaks of infection continue to occur in dialysis units, and prevalence rates remain unacceptably high. For a variety of reasons, dialysis patients are at increased risk of acquiring HBV. They also demonstrate different disease manifestations compared with healthy individuals and are more likely to progress to chronic carriage. This paper will review the epidemiology, modes of transmission and diagnosis of HBV in this population. Prevention and treatment will be discussed, with a specific focus on strategies to improve vaccination response, new therapeutic options and selection of patients for therapy.

Risk of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Reactivation and Role of Anti-Viral Prophylaxis in Lymphoma Patients with Past HBV Infection (HBV Antigen negative but anti-Hepatitis B core antibody positive) Receiving Chemo-Immunotherapy

Impact of Mogamulizumab-Containing Chemotherapy on HBV Reactivation in Patients with T-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study (PROACTIVE-MOGA)

Hepatitis B Related Serological Events In Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients and Efficacy Of Lamivudine Prophylaxis Against Reactivation

BackgroundThus far, few studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) antibodies in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cancer.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of combination therapy with programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on HBV-related liver cancer.MethodsUntil January 31, 2022, liver cancer patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or HBV DNA positivity, treated with PD-1 ICIs and TKIs combined with nucleoside analogs (NAs), were retrospectively reviewed. The correlation between the change in HBV DNA and HBsAg levels and tumor response was analyzed using the χ2 test. Cox univariate and multivariate survival analyses and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to identify and compare risk factors and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 48 patients were enrolled in the study, with an objective response rate (ORR) of 31.3%, a disease control rate (DCR) of 66.7%; the incidence of adverse events was mostly mild. A significant decrease in HBV DNA and HBsAg levels was observed at 12 and 24 weeks compared with the baseline (p < 0.05). Compared to patients with progressive disease (PD), patients with disease control showed a more significant decrease in HBV DNA and HBsAg levels at 12 and 24 weeks (p < 0.001). Eleven patients showed elevations in HBV DNA level and one of them showed HBV reactivation; however, the reactivation was not associated hepatitis. Moreover, eight patients showed elevation in HBsAg. Elevation in HBV DNA level was associated with poor tumor response (P=0.001, OR=18.643 [95% CI: 3.271–106.253]). Cox survival analysis suggested that HBV DNA increase (P=0.011, HR=4.816, 95% CI: 1.439–16.117) and HBsAg increase (P=0.022, HR=4.161, 95% CI: 1.224–16.144) were independent risk factors associated with survival time. Kaplan–Meier curves suggested that patients who exhibited an increase in HBV DNA (6.87 months vs undefined, log-rank test: p= 0.004) and HBsAg (8.07 months vs undefined, log-rank test: p= 0.004) levels had a shorter median survival time (MST). Patients without increased HBsAg showed better baseline liver function and routine blood tests (p<0.05) than patients with increased HBsAg. An increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and a decrease in T lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes at 1-week post-treatment associated with HBsAg well-controlled.ConclusionHBV-related liver cancer patients treated with combination therapy showed improved efficacy and safety profiles. Combination therapy has some effect on HBV infection, and a correlation between tumor response and antiviral efficacy was found. Elevation of HBV DNA and HBsAg levels may indicate poorer tumor response and survival time. Better baseline liver function and early immune activation may be associated with decline in HBsAg levels.

Natural history of chronic hepatitis B in Euro-Mediterranean and African Countries

Prospective Nationwide Observational Study of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA Monitoring and Preemptive Antiviral Therapy for HBV Reactivation in Patients with B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Following Rituximab Containing Chemotherapy: Results of Interim Analysis.

Intrahepatic Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA Can Be a Predictor of Sustained Response to Therapy

Comparative Study of Anti-hepatitis B Virus RNA Interference by Double-stranded Adeno-associated Virus Serotypes 7, 8, and 9

Risk of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Reactivation and the Role of Anti-Viral Prophylaxis in Multiple Myeloma Patients with HBV Infection in the Era of Novel Therapies.