Abstract
We review recent progress in understanding fundamental aspects of physiologic regulation during wake and sleep based on modern data-driven, analytic, and computational approaches with a focus on the complex dynamics of individual physiological systems. We use heart rate and its dynamics as a model, of special relevance given the ease of data capture with wearable devices. The presented empirical findings indicate that sleep-wake and circadian cycles do not simply modulate basic physiologic functions by generating rhythms with a fixed periodicity but influence physiological systems dynamics simultaneously over a broad range of time scales. Further, transitions across physiologic states are characterized by modulation in linear and non-linear temporal characteristics of physiological systems dynamics. These transitions underlie pronounced sleep-wake and sleep-stage stratification patterns that are universal across subjects and present across age groups. The reviewed empirical approaches and derived measures represent novel mechanistic aspects of sleep and wake regulation, and lay the foundation for a new class of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in clinical sleep medicine.
Published Version
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