Abstract
Ni(II) porphyrins having fused –NH group were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The fused porphyrins 1 and 2 were used to detect species of opposite polarity. 1 was used to sense toxic anions viz. cyanide and fluoride ions whereas 2 was used for detecting some selective metal ions including toxic mercury(II) ions. 1 is having acidic –NH proton, which detects anions via hydrogen bonding interactions followed by anion-induced deprotonation. On the other hand, 2 senses the metal species via weak charge transfer interactions from oxygen atom of the formyl group to the added metal ions. The limit of detection was calculated in case of 1 as 2.13 and 3.15 ppm for cyanide and fluoride ions, respectively. Similarly, the detection limit was found to be 0.930, 2.231, and 0.718 ppm for Cu(II), Fe(III), and Hg(II) ions, respectively, for probe 2. The probes were recovered and reused for several cycles.
Highlights
A large number of species have been pumped into our environment because of rapid industrialization that are harmful to living beings including humans (Duan et al, 2015)
In addition to detecting toxic species, some other species need to be detected such as peptides and proteins (Kubota and Hamachi, 2015), molecular oxygen (Ramamoorthy et al, 2003), CO2 (Liu et al, 2010), explosives (Wang et al, 2016), moisture (Han et al, 2017), and so on
A chemical probe is a molecule/species that on binding to a specific analyte gives rise to a distinct signal, which is noticeable in terms of change in color, change in absorption/emission, change in conformation, and so on (Balaji et al, 2006)
Summary
A large number of species have been pumped into our environment because of rapid industrialization that are harmful to living beings including humans (Duan et al, 2015). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT | Detecting toxic anions and cations using NH-fused Ni(II) chemosensors These techniques are expensive and require a high degree of expertise, which makes their widespread use a limited affair. Various mechanisms to detect Fe+3 ions are documented in literature (Wu et al, 2010; El-Safty and Shenashen, 2013) Porphyrins because of their aromaticity, easy functionalization, and high stability have been used for multiple applications (Nam et al, 2003; Senge et al, 2007; Li and Diau, 2013). In our quest to develop sensitive porphyrin chemosensors, we hereby report the use of –NH fused porphyrins for detecting toxic cyanide and fluoride anions and copper(II), iron(III), and mercury(II) metal cations
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