Functionalized mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds for enhanced bone tissue regeneration.

Xingdi Zhang,Yongsheng Li,Jin Wen,Nan Li,Changsheng Liu,Xinquan Jiang,Deliang Zeng

doi:10.1038/srep19361

Abstract

Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), which possesses excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, has played an important role in bone tissue regeneration. However, it is difficult to prepare MBG scaffolds with high compressive strength for applications in bone regeneration; this difficulty has greatly hindered its development and use. To solve this problem, a simple powder processing technique has been successfully developed to fabricate a novel type of MBG scaffold (MBGS). Furthermore, amino or carboxylic groups could be successfully grafted onto MBGSs (denoted as N-MBGS and C-MBGS, respectively) through a post-grafting process. It was revealed that both MBGS and the functionalized MBGSs could significantly promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bMSCs. Due to its positively charged surface, N-MBGS presented the highest in vitro osteogenic capability of the three samples. Moreover, in vivo testing results demonstrated that N-MBGS could promote higher levels of bone regeneration compared with MBGS and C-MBGS. In addition to its surface characteristics, it is believed that the decreased degradation rate of N-MBGS plays a vital role in promoting bone regeneration. These findings indicate that MBGSs are promising materials with potential practical applications in bone regeneration, which can be successfully fabricated by combining a powder processing technique and post-grafting process.

Highlights

Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), which possesses excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, has played an important role in bone tissue regeneration
The common route for preparing mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) scaffolds is through use of the polyurethane foam template method, which is achieved by combining polyurethane foam and evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA)[14,15]
It is known that the compressive strength of MBG scaffold (MBGS) prepared with a polyurethane foam template method is as low as 0.06 MPa33, which makes it unsuitable for in vivo applications in bone regeneration

Summary

Introduction

Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), which possesses excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, has played an important role in bone tissue regeneration. It is difficult to prepare MBG scaffolds with high compressive strength for applications in bone regeneration; this difficulty has greatly hindered its development and use. In addition to its surface characteristics, it is believed that the decreased degradation rate of N-MBGS plays a vital role in promoting bone regeneration These findings indicate that MBGSs are promising materials with potential practical applications in bone regeneration, which can be successfully fabricated by combining a powder processing technique and post-grafting process. The common route for preparing MBG scaffolds is through use of the polyurethane foam template method, which is achieved by combining polyurethane foam and evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA)[14,15] This type of MBG scaffold possesses an interconnected porous structure but has very low mechanical strength (0.06 MPa), which makes it difficult to use for in vivo bone regeneration. It has been postulated that the high degradation rates of MBG could be partially decreased, while maintaining bioactivity, by introducing organic functional groups

Methods

Results

Conclusion