Functional Impact of Interval Training on Muscle Mass and Strength in Obese Adults: An Interventional Trial

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a burgeoning global health issue, with its prevalence contributing to a spectrum of comorbid conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and decreased life expectancy. Traditional exercise regimens have been challenged by the reduced exercise tolerance observed in obese individuals. Interval training has emerged as a promising alternative that may address these concerns by effectively improving body composition and aerobic capacity. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of interval training on body composition and aerobic capacity in obese adults. The objective was to determine whether a structured interval training program could lead to significant improvements in these parameters, which are critical indicators of overall health status. Methods: In a 12-week interventional trial, 30 sedentary obese adults (BMI ≥ 30) underwent interval training sessions three times per week. Body composition was assessed using skinfold thickness and bio-impedance methods, while aerobic capacity was evaluated using lactate threshold testing and the Astrand sub-maximal test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with significant changes in pre- and post-study values being highlighted. Results: Post-intervention, participants exhibited a decrease in weight from 79.3 kg to 67.5 kg and a reduction in BMI from 27.6 kg/m² to 24.01 kg/m². Fat percentage also declined from 25.2% to 22.5%. Aerobic capacity improved, with a significant increase in relative oxygen uptake from 38 ml/kg/min to 57 ml/kg/min. Additionally, the mean heart rate during submaximal testing decreased across all exercise intensities, suggesting enhanced cardiovascular efficiency. Conclusion: Interval training is an effective intervention for improving both body composition and aerobic capacity in obese adults. The study demonstrated significant reductions in body mass and fat percentage, along with improved aerobic efficiency, as evidenced by increased oxygen uptake and reduced heart rates during exercise.