Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Static & Dynamic Balance in Children with Down Syndrome

Abstract

Background: Down syndrome, characterized by an extra chromosome 21, affects physical and developmental growth. Children with Down syndrome often exhibit impairments in balance and motor function, necessitating interventions that enhance physical capabilities and overall quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of aerobic exercises compared to standard physical therapy in improving static and dynamic balance in children with Down syndrome. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 20 children aged 5-12 years with Down syndrome, recruited from the Rising Sun Institute of Special Education. Participants were randomly divided into a control group, which received standard physical therapy, and an experimental group, which engaged in aerobic exercise (cycling) three times a week for 30 minutes over an 8-week period. The primary outcomes, static and dynamic balance, were assessed using the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) and the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) before and after the intervention. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements compared to the control group. The mean changes in the Timed Up and Go test were reduced by 3.67 seconds (p < 0.05), the PBS scores increased by 10.23 points (p < 0.05), and the 6MWT distance extended by 66.11 meters (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise interventions significantly enhance static and dynamic balance in children with Down syndrome, surpassing the effects of standard physical therapy. Incorporating structured aerobic exercises into rehabilitation programs is recommended to optimize developmental outcomes in this population. Keywords: Down Syndrome, Aerobic Exercise, Pediatric Balance Scale, 6-Minute Walk Test, Static Balance, Dynamic Balance, Randomized Controlled Trial.