Forms of Addressing and Their Features in Modern German

Abstract

The article analyzes the features of addressing forms in German. There are pronouns used in the formation of imperative forms, in particular du, ihr, Sie which are considered. The historical transformation of polite pronouns in German-speaking culture is studied. Attention is focused on the functioning of various forms of treatment in various spheres of modern life. The diachronic characteristics of separate lexemes, the stages of their development and the change of the primary meaning are traced. The authors consider the national specifics of German forms of addressing, features and difficulties that may arise in intercultural communication, mistakes at the lexical, grammatical and culture studying levels. Lexemes in different professional fields which are used to attract attention are analyzed separately. A historical review is carried out to establish the initial stages of formation of the category of politeness. The role of lexemes Frau, Herr, Fräulein, Kollege in different periods of society formation is determined. Regional features of treatment, addressing someone in the private sphere are analyzed. It is stated that the forms of addressing include nominations that are related to social status, professional activity, gender and age, mostly they reflect the relationship between members of society and the social hierarchy. The Germans attach considerable importance to the ability to behave themselves in society. The authors draw attention to the fact that the forms of addressing in the Austrian and Swiss versions of the German language are formed due to the influence of historical circumstances. The ability to properly usage of various forms of referring to people opens wide opportunities for understanding other cultures, their practical implementation in the professional sphere. Such knowledge gives an impetus to understand the peculiarities of their own culture. To sum up, the forms of addressing in German speaking societies have been changed synchronically and diachronically.