FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN VINNITSIA REGION

Abstract

Soy is a strategic crop of global importance that plays a key role in overcoming the food crisis. In Ukraine, soybeans play an equally important role. Its beans have a unique combination of organic compounds and minerals of the two most important components - protein and oil - that play a key role in the physiological and biochemical processes of human and animal life. The formation of crop productivity occurs during the growing season in close connection with life factors. The article highlights the peculiarities of soybean yield formation and investigates the impact of foliar nutrition on the main elements of the yield structure. The regularities of formation of individual productivity indicators, namely: the number of beans per plant, the number and weight of seeds per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds depending on the varietal characteristics of the crop and elements of its cultivation technology, are revealed. Field studies have established a positive role of foliar feeding in the formation of high seed productivity of soybean varieties Triada and Avatar, and also revealed a link between the phase of foliar feeding and the level of yield. Foliar application significantly influenced the chemical composition of soybean seeds, according to the data obtained from laboratory analyses. According to the chemical analysis, it was found that the formation of high indicators of the quality composition of soybean varieties was ensured by a combination of fertilisation in the budding and mid-flowering phases. The content of crude protein was 36.57-38.64 %, crude fat - 18.11-18.33 %, crude fibre - 10.44-10.70 %, crude ash - 5.23-5.25 %, BER - 27.30-29.43 %.