Abstract

High- ${T}_{c}$ superconducting particles of $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ size in a strong electric field bind themselves together to form macroscopic balls in milliseconds. Each ball holds over ${10}^{6}$ particles and bounces between the electrodes without losing any. The ball formation is a result of superconductivity. As the $c$-axis coherence length is shorter than the Thomas-Fermi screening length, the electric field produced by the charged surface layer turns off the coupling between the interlayers. This loss of Josephson energy becomes a positive surface energy induced by the charged surface layer, the minimization of which leads to the balls.

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