Fodder beet is a reservoir of drought tolerance alleles for sugar beet breeding

Abstract

Drought leads to serious yield losses and followed by increasing food prices. Thereby, drought tolerance is one of most important, pivotal issues for plant breeding and is determined by the very complex genetic architecture, which involves a lot of genes engaged in many cell processes. Within genomes of currently cultivated sugar beet forms, the number of favourable allelic variants is limited. However, there is a potential to identify genes related to drought tolerance deposited in genomes of wild or fodder relatives. Therefore, the goal of our study, was to identify the source of allelic variants involved in drought tolerance using a large spectrum of sugar or fodder beets and their wild relatives for analyses. Based on the drought tolerance index, calculated for morphophysiological traits, it was demonstrated that some of selected fodder beets showed the highest level of drought tolerance. The most drought tolerant fodder beet genotype did not show differences in the level of expression of genes engaged in osmoprotection and the antioxidative system, between control and drought condition, compared to sugar and wild beets. The genetic distance between selected beet forms was broad and ranged from 18 to 87%, however the most drought tolerant sugar, fodder and wild beets showed high genetic similarity and formed the common clade. Based on obtained results we propose that an adequate broad source of genes related to drought tolerance occurs in fodder beets, the crossing with which is easier, less time-consuming and more cost-effective than with wild forms of beets.