Abstract
Motivated by a recent disagreement about the claim that fluctuations in the free energy operator bound the charging power of a quantum battery, we present a critical analysis of the original derivation. The analysis shows that the above claim does not hold for both closed- and open-system dynamics. Our results indicate that the free energy operator is not a consistent quantifying operator for the work content of a charging quantum battery.
Highlights
It is found that the bound on charging power is proportional to the fluctuation of the free energy operator for both closed- and open-system dynamics
Our results show that the bounds are not directly proportional to the fluctuation of the free energy operator; instead there is an additive contribution related to the correlation between the free energy operator and the operator(s) generating the nonunitary evolution of the battery
We have shown that the claim that fluctuations in the free energy operator bound the charging power of a quantum battery does not hold for both closed- and open-system dynamics
Summary
It is found that the bound on charging power is proportional to the fluctuation of the free energy operator for both closed- and open-system dynamics. In a follow-up study [18], an “activity operator” akin to the free energy operator is introduced and a tighter bound proportional to the fluctuation of the activity operator is derived for open quantum batteries. It has been shown [22] that the conclusion of ref. The validity of the claim that fluctuations in the free energy operator bound the charging power of a quantum battery is called into question.
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