FISCAL INCENTIVE TOOLS FOR INNOVATION ACTIVITIES OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE

Abstract

This article explores the context of scientific and technological activities of higher education institutions of Ukraine, summarized the main factors impeding the formation of an effective national innovation system. The emphasis is placed on the role of institutions of higher education in building an innovation-investment model of the economy. It is noted that the effectiveness of scientific and technical activities in general, and in institutions of higher education in particular, affect both the volumes and the structure of financing. Was compared the dynamic of spending on research and development in Europe, and noted that Ukraine is now stored in a downward trend. The structure of financing of research and development activities in Ukraine and some European countries was analyzed, it is estimated that there is currently a disproportion in Ukraine, and most of it falls on public financing. The generalization of international experience allows us to assert that in the countries with developed investment-innovative economy a significant place in the structure of financing of research and development activity is occupied by the business sector. This produces a synergistic effect both on the education system, which receives additional funding and on business competitiveness through the introduction of innovative product production. In addition, an important aspect of cooperation between institutions of higher education and the commercial sector is the creation of academic enterprises, and the introduction of the model of a "commercial institution of higher education". A significant impetus to this cooperation, fiscal instruments can be used both to businesses and to higher education by providing them with tax breaks, lower tax rates, innovative soft loans and other preferences. Considered fiscal instruments that are used in the world and outlined their possible impact on the innovation activities of higher education institutions of Ukraine. It is determined that the study of international experience may be the basis for building a system of fiscal instruments promoting cooperation between higher education institutions and entrepreneurship.