Finite element analysis of unnotched and notched functionally graded steel specimens

Abstract

A number of engineering components, such as gears, shafts, and bearings, are frequently subjected to high and very localized, static and dynamic stresses and strains. In order to increase the load-carrying capacity and durability of such components, various types of treatments may be applied, primarily including heat treatments. In particular, surface heat treatments are used to selectively enhance the load-bearing capacity of the most heavily stressed regions of the component. As a consequence, the resulting material exhibits a surface layer that is considerably harder and stronger than the material at the core. Such materials, possessing gradually varying material properties, are known as functionally graded materials (FGMs) and with them, the aim is to improve the structural integrity of components in an optimal, targeted manner. In this study, a finite element analysis of the stress-strain response of unnotched and notched specimens made from homogeneous and functionally graded low-alloy steel 42CrMo4 subjected to static loading was performed. Results of the mechanical response of specimens with homogeneous and functionally graded material properties are presented in this study, highlighting significant differences.