Abstract
The double wall CRA pipe and tubing (C-II pipe), produced by thermal-hydraulic shrink fitting the liner pipe made of CRA and outer pipe made of carbon steel, have been developed. There is a special type of fracture termed implosion which occurs in the liner pipe due to the interfacial gas pressure. Implosion is Mode 1 buckling and can be analyzed as a nonaxisymmetric bifurcation problem by the finite element method.
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