Abstract
Abstract. On 23 August 2017 a Category 3 hurricane, Typhoon Hato, struck southern China. Among the hardest hit cities, Macau experienced the worst flooding since 1925. In this paper, we present a high-resolution survey map recording inundation depths and distances at 278 sites in Macau. We show that one-half of the Macau Peninsula was inundated, with the extent largely confined by the hilly topography. The Inner Harbor area suffered the most, with a maximum inundation depth of 3.1 m at the coast. Using a combination of numerical models, we simulate and reproduce this typhoon and storm surge event. We further investigate the effects of tidal level and sea level rise on coastal inundations in Macau during the landfall of a “Hato-like” event.
Highlights
On 23 August 2017, at approximately 12:50 local time Typhoon Hato made landfall near Zhuhai, which is located on the southern coast of Guangdong Province, China (Fig. 1)
We first compare the wind speeds generated by Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) with the measured data at nine selected wind gauge stations in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) (Fig. 5c–k), including four local wind gauges in Macau www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/18/3167/2018/
We find that the corresponding highest extreme tide (HET) and the lowest extreme tide (LET) occurred on 1 January 1987 at 22:00 and 2 January 1987 at 06:00, respectively, with the tide 1.304 m a.m.s.l. and 1.165 m below m.s.l
Summary
On 23 August 2017, at approximately 12:50 local time Typhoon Hato made landfall near Zhuhai, which is located on the southern coast of Guangdong Province, China (Fig. 1). L. Li et al.: Field survey of the 2017 Typhoon Hato sult, the low-lying area in the western part of the Macau Peninsula has been frequently flooded by storm surges during major typhoons. Post-event surveys of key flood parameters become essential for better understanding storm surge dynamics and inundation characteristics (e.g., Fritz et al, 2007; Tajima et al, 2014; Takagi et al, 2017; Soria et al, 2016) For this reason, our field survey team was deployed to Macau and Zhuhai on 26 August 2017 and collected flood and damage information for 5 days. Once the numerical model is validated, we can use it to conduct a series of numerical experiments to assess the possible impact of a “Hato-like” typhoon occurring at different tidal levels Looking at such a hazard event and its countermeasures from a long-term perspective, we examined the effect of sea level rise (SLR) on the inundation areas. We discuss the effect of tidal level and SLR through the results of numerical experiments
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