FIELD SIMILARITY OF SEED AND THE DURATION OF THE VEGETATION PERIOD OF SOY DEPENDING ON AGROTECHNOLOGICAL GROWING MEASURES

Abstract

In the context of reforming the agricultural sector of Ukraine, the question of increasing the production of plant products is particularly acute. Leguminous crops play a major role in solving this problem, including soybean, which is characterized by a rare chemical composition - its seeds contain 38-42% protein, 18-32% fat, enzymes, vitamins, minerals, etc. The purpose of the research is to investigate the influence of sowing rates and the method of sowing on the field germination of seeds and the length of the growing season of the investigated soybean varieties. The following methods were used in the research process: during the experiment, field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods were used using generally recognized methods and methodical recommendations. The results of scientific research on dark gray podzolized soil are presented. The predecessor was winter wheat. The experiment is three-factorial: factor (A) variety: Diadema Podillya (control) and Mentor; factor (B) row width: 15 cm control, 30 cm, 45 cm; factor (C) sowing rate: 500 (control), 600 and 700 thousand pcs. similar seeds per 1 ha. The research revealed that at the sowing rate of 700 thousand/ha of similar seeds, there was a decrease in field germination, with row sowing by 3.8% in the Diadema Podillia variety compared to the sowing rate of 500 thousand/ha. At the sowing rate of 500 thousand/ha of the Mentor variety, the field germination of soybean seeds in all sowing methods was marked by higher indicators compared to the norm of 700 thousand/ha. At the rate of 500,000/ha of similar soybean seeds of the Diadema Podillia variety, in the continuous (15 cm) agrocenosis, it was 93.1%, in wide-row (30 and 45 cm) – 89.9 and 84.2%. The duration of the growing season in plants of the Diadema Podillya variety is 109 days, Mentor is 114 days. The application of the sowing rate of 700,000/ha of soybean seeds in the studies accelerated this period to one day in plants of the Diadema Podillia variety and to two days in the Mentor variety compared to the sowing rate of 500,000/ha. The research materials are of practical importance for farmers analyzing the field germination of soybean seeds on dark gray podzolized soil