Прогнозування польової схожості насіння буряків цукрових та кормових

Abstract

Purpose. To investigate the formation of agrophytocenoses of beets as affected by the integral indicator, namely field germination of seeds. Methods. Laboratory, field, and statistical. Results. Important factors have been identified, which significantly affect the field germination of sugar beet and fodder beet seeds. These are hydrothermal conditions (HTC) in the period of seedling-germination and the values of laboratory seed germination, methods of preparation and sowing rates. In this case, the field germination of beet seeds depends largely on the conditions of the germination and, to a lesser extent, on genetic material of different origin. The highest field germination was observed in the treatment with the unit mass (66–80%), and the lowest in the variant with freezing of seeds (43–51%). Differences between laboratory and field germination values at control were 11–24%, germination at temperatures + 8 °C3–15%, by unit mass 7–13%, for freezing 20–27%. Conclusions. For creation of high-yielding agrophytocenoses of sugar and fodder beets, it is necessary to reach the parameters of optimum density, which contributes to the maximum biological productivity of plants and which depends, first of all, on the field germination of seeds. Its level depends on the duration of emergence and completeness of the germination, the uniformity of placement of plants in a row and, ultimately, their productivity.