Ferroelectric/ferroelastic interactions and a polarization switching model

Abstract

Ferroelectric and ferroelastic switching cause ferroelectric ceramics to depolarize and deform when subjected to excessive electric field or stress. Switching is the source of the classic butterfly shaped strain vs electric field curves and the corresponding electric displacement vs electric field loops [1]. It is also the source of a stress—strain curve with linear elastic behavior at low stress, non-linear switching strain at intermediate stress, and linear elastic behavior at high stress [2, 3]. In this work, ceramic lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) is polarized by loading with a strong electric field. The resulting strain and polarization hysteresis loops are recorded. The polarized sample is then loaded with compressive stress parallel to the polarization and the stress vs strain curve is recorded. The experimental results are modeled with a computer simulation of the ceramic microstructure. The polarization and strain for an individual grain are predicted from the imposed electric field and stress through a Preisach hysteresis model. The response of the bulk ceramic to applied loads is predicted by averaging the response of individual grains that are considered to be statistically random in orientation. The observed strain and electric displacement hysteresis loops and the nonlinear stress—strain curve for the polycrystalline ceramic are reproduced by the simulation.