Abstract
<p>We studied the influence of ethylene product Esphon® and triazole derivative Folicur® on the morphogenesis and productivity of tomatoes. The obtained results explained the significant role of morphological and mesostructural components of “source-sink” relation system of tomatoes in the formation of crop productivity. We established that the Folicur application resulted in more significant anatomical and morphological changes in the formation of leaf apparatus in comparison with the ethylene producer: the measurement of number, weight, area of leaf surface, and leaf index were higher in this variant of experiment. We also noted the appropriate changes in the mesostructure measurement of leaves: thickness of leave – main photosynthetic tissue of chlorenchyma, assimilatory cells size of palisade and spongy parenchyma. Analysis of depositing possibilities of plants vegetative organs at the fruitification stage indicates the importance of temporary postponement of nonstructural carbohydrates and nitrogen containing compounds in them followed by reutilization for carpogenesis needs. Application of Folicur resulted on the formation of a more powerful donor sphere and in the early fruit growth and formation stages are postponed more carbohydrates in vegetative organs of tomato plants compared to control. The content of sugars and starch in the roots, stems and leaves of plants under Folicur treatment was highest in all organs of the plant throughout the fruitification phase compared to control and variant with Esphon application. Our results also testify to the possibilities of nitrogen compounds remobilize from vegetative organs to carpogenesis needs. After Folicur treatment, the most intense decrease in the content of nitrogen containing compounds was observed during the transition from the fruit formation stage to green fruits stage in roots and stem of plant during the period of the most intense tomatoes growth. We concluded that a significant increase the yield of tomato crop was caused by the more powerful donor sphere formation and reutilization of assimilates and nitrogen containing compounds after Folicur application.</p>
Highlights
The determination of mechanisms formation and donor-acceptor (“source-sink” relation) system functioning is the highest level in the hierarchy processes for the operation of a plant as a whole system, that opens possibilities for assimilates redistribution between plant organs in ontogenesis, and – optimization of the agricultural crops production process (Kiriziy et al, 2014; Yu et al, 2015)
The results of the study indicate that application of retardants Folicur and Esphon caused a typical effect on the linear growth of tomato plants (Altintas, 2011)
These changes are related to the differences in the index of net photosynthetic productivity, which characterizes the photosynthetic productivity per unit leaf surface: it was higher under Folicur treatment among all variants of experiment
Summary
The determination of mechanisms formation and donor-acceptor (“source-sink” relation) system functioning is the highest level in the hierarchy processes for the operation of a plant as a whole system, that opens possibilities for assimilates redistribution between plant organs in ontogenesis, and – optimization of the agricultural crops production process (Kiriziy et al, 2014; Yu et al, 2015). The concept of “source-sink” relation system is used as for analyzing the reserve substances redistribution between plant organs during the period of seeds, tubers, rhizomes germination (heterotrophic growth phase) (Poprotska, 2014, Poprotska and Kuryata, 2016; Kuryata et al, 2017), and for analyzing the relationships between growth processes and photosynthesis in autotrophic phase development at the different vegetation stages (Liu et al, 2014; Yu et al, 2015; Bonelli et al, 2016) In this case, photosynthesis processes represent as the main donor, and growth processes - as an acceptor of assimilates. It is known that the application of retardants leads to delay the linear growth, with often increasing crop yields (Souza et al, 2010; Matysiak and Kaczmarek, 2013; Pavlista, 2013; Matsoukis et al, 2015) In this case, the influence of retardants with different mechanism action on the morphological and physiological features of source-sink relation functioning is insufficiently studied. The objective of this study was investigating the features of morphogenesis, formation of a photosynthetic apparatus, accumulation and redistribution of nonstructural carbohydrates and nitrogen containing compounds in tomato plants under Folicur and Esphon antigibberellin retardants treatment
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