Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant change in climatic conditions affecting the cultivation and yield of winter wheat. Therefore, the creation of wheat varieties with high adaptive potential is one of the main tasks of modern breeding. A significant component of the overall adaptive potential of winter wheat is winter hardiness, which is determined by a set of characters enabling plants to overwinter. To a large extent, winter hardiness is determined by gene systems that control vernalization requirement duration, photoperiod reaction, and frost resistance. The research is aimed at determining the features of modern winter wheat varieties developed at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in terms of winter hardiness components and adaptive potential in the environment of the Central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. Winter bread wheat varieties Estafeta myronivska, Hratsiia myronivska, MIP Assol, and Balada myronivska were studied. They also were crossed on incomplete diallele scheme with three near-isogenic lines derived from Erythrospermum 604 with different alleles of Vrd genes 1) Vrd1Vrd1vrd2vrd2, 2) vrd1vrd1Vrd2Vrd2, and 3) vrd1vrd1vrd2vrd2. It was established that vernalization requirement duration in the varieties Estafeta myronivska and Balada myronivska was short whereas in the varieties Hratsiia myronivska and MIP Assol it was medium. All the varieties studied have medium photoperiod sensitivity. The results of the hybridological analysis indicate the absence of the Vrd1 and Vrd2 genes in the varieties. Frost tolerance of these varieties is at the same level and higher than in the highly tolerant to the low temperatures variety Myronivska 808. Thus, the results indicate the possibility of recombining different levels of expression of these traits in genotypes by breeding efforts. This has great practical importance in farming, because in recent years the areas of crops harvested late (corn, sunflower, etc.) in the production conditions has significantly increased. It causes a shift in sowing dates of winter wheat to a later period. In this case, varieties Estafeta myronivska, Hratsiia myronivska, MIP Assol, and Balada myronivska are able to undergo sufficient hardening, to satisfy the vernalization requirement, and to form a high level of winter hardiness. Their relatively medium photoperiod sensitivity allows vegetation to be restored a little earlier in the spring and winter reserves of moisture to be used more effectively.
Highlights
In recent years, there has been a significant change in climatic conditions affecting the cultivation and yield of winter wheat (Kristensen et al, 2011; Blyzniuk et al, 2019)
When analyzing the pedigrees of these varieties, it was established that the varieties Estafeta myronivska and Hratsiia myronivska were created on the basis of crossing local varieties and lines with each other while in creating the varieties Balada myronivska and MIP Assol, collection samples of different ecological origin from Hungary and Russia were used (Table 1)
The maximum vernalization duration is sufficient for all genotypes and neutralizes the diversity for days from planting to heading, which is determined by the system of the Vrd genes
Summary
There has been a significant change in climatic conditions affecting the cultivation and yield of winter wheat (Kristensen et al, 2011; Blyzniuk et al, 2019). Winter hardiness is one of the main components of the general adaptive potential of winter wheat (Sandve et al, 2010). Genetic systems associated with winter hardiness include the genes determining plant response to vernalization (Vrn), photoperiod sensitivity (Ppd) and frost resistance (Fr) (Sutka, 2001; McIntosh et al, 2013; Kiss, 2014). Variation in photoperiod sensitivity is a factor that leads to variability of adaptability and productivity of winter wheat varieties. Low responsiveness to the daylength reduction in the majority of varieties is due to the presence of the dominant allele Ppd-D1a in their genotype (Fayt et al, 2014). Varieties with dominant allele of the Ppd-D1 gene were less tolerant to low temperatures as compared to plants with an alternative recessive allele (Toptikov & Chebotar, 2019)
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