Resistance of winter soft wheat varieties to low negative temperatures

Abstract

The problem of resistance of winter wheat to low negative temperatures is one of the most important in the agriculture economy, the solution of which will contribute to the increase of yield and gross grain harvesting in the Russian Federation. Therefore, the creation of winter wheat varieties capable of resisting the effects of frost during winter is very relevant. The aim of the study is to identify high frost-resistant winter wheat varieties for use in the breeding process by direct and indirect methods of assessment, and to define the possibility of using free proline content to detect genotypes resistant to low negative temperatures. The paper presents the results of complex studies on frost resistance of winter soft wheat varieties by three scientific centers: Agricultural Scientific Center Donskoi, National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko and Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center. Therein is shown the possibility of using an indirect method - defining free proline content as a method of assessing frost resistance of samples. After freezing plants grown in sowing boxes at four different temperatures, varieties were identified that significantly exceeded the Tarasovskaya 29 classifier in plant safety: Polina, Volnitsa, Volny Don, Ascetic, Don Bezostaya, and Don 107. Samples that were distinguished by the safety of plants in direct evaluation methods also showed a high content of free proline in laboratory and field experiments. Correlation analysis between the values of various methods for assessing frost resistance showed their close relationship. Varieties of winter soft wheat characterized by high frost resistance, on average, accumulate more of this amino acid in the leaves in laboratory and field experiments.