Features of formation of bean-cereal agrophytocenoses on sod-podzolic soils of the Carpathian foothills of Ukraine

Abstract

Purpose. To establish changes in botanical composition, density and linear growth of components of legume-cereal agrophytocenoses with the participation of various leguminous and cereal perennial grasses in comparison with cereal grasses on different backgrounds of mineral fertilizer on sod-podzolic soils of Carpathian foothills. Methods. General scientific – hypotheses, induction and deduction, analogies, generalizations and special – field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical, computational and comparative. Results. Averagely over four years, the share of the deervetch in the crop with nitrogen-free fertilizition was the largest and ranged from 53-59% with the number of shoots 844-888 pcs/m2. The share of alfalfa sown and the density of its shoots were the lowest and ranged from 32-36% and 335-373 pcs/m2. Meadow clover in legume-cereal agrophytocenoses was well maintained only in the first 2-3 years of use with a share of 60-70%. Eastern galega was kept in grasslands for four years with a share of 36-40%. Legume components had a positive effect on the linear growth of cereal components. In deervetch-cereal stands on nitrogen-free backgrounds, it was 9-12 cm larger compared to the height of the same cereals in cereal mixtures. Conclusions. It is established that for four years the best in legume-cereal agrophytocenoses is kept horned, and alfalfa sowing is the worst. Meadow clover is well kept in grasslands only in the first three years of life. Eastern galega is well kept in grasslands, but with a smaller proportion than deervetch. The share of deervetch in the crop on the nitrogen-free fertilization backgrounds is the highest and ranges from 53 to 59% with a shoot density of 844-888 pcs/m2. The proportion of the alfalfa and the density of its shoots is the smallest – 32-36% and 335-373 pcs/m2 respectively.