Features of experimental modeling of ferroptosis of hepatocytes

Abstract

Ferroptosis is a relatively recently discovered type of cell death that differs from traditional apoptosis and necrosis and is the result of the accumulation of lipid peroxides directly dependent on iron ions. Ferroptotic cell death is characterized by cytological changes, including a decrease in cell volume and an increase in the density of mitochondrial membranes. The pathological process can proceed in two main ways: external, or dependent on the transporter, and internal, or regulated by enzymes. Ferroptosis is caused by a redox imbalance between the production of oxidants and antioxidants, which is due to the abnormal expression and activity of multiple redox enzymes that produce or detoxify free radicals and lipid oxidation products.The main goal of this study is to analyze the main difference between ferroptosis and other forms of cell death, as well as to experimentally induce ferroptosis of hepatocytes in laboratory animals.PubMed, Elsevier Science (Scopus), and Clarivate Analytics (Web of Science) scientific databases were searched for original research to determine the distinguishing features of ferroptosis from other types of cell death. Experimental induction of ferroptosis of hepatocytes was performed in the vivarium of the FGBOU VO "SPbGUVM". With the deepening of research, ferroptosis has been found in the pathophysiological processes of an increasing number of diseases. In addition, ferroptosis, as an independent mode of cell death, may also play a role in diseases along with other types of cell death, enabling co-application of existing treatment regimens and helping to address drug resistance issues in some diseases. Of great theoretical and practical value is the study of the mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in various diseases, as well as the proposal of effective schemes for its modeling for further study.