Abstract
The analysis of change factors in waste management in the period from 2012 to 2015 in three municipalities in a mountainous region of southern Poland exhibited strong differentiation. This was recognised based on multiple indicators of waste accumulation. Such differences were investigated between two periods, which highlighted the effect of changes in waste management primarily resulting from Directive 2008/98/EC. These changes relate to the development of selective waste collection based on eight types of waste. On this basis, an increase was observed in the amount of waste collected in the communities. Particular attention was paid to the community with the highest number of tourists, the waste accumulation rate (452.74 kg per capita) and the cost per year. An increase in the number of tourists is an important factor in terms of waste accumulation, and other factors made it possible to recognise the direction of the changes taking place in waste management. In terms of changes in waste accumulation, the implementation of the European Union law into the national law in the field of waste management is a significant factor.
Highlights
Waste can be categorised as hazardous or nonhazardous and inert
Based on the factors in the analysis of municipal waste management within the areas of the three communities situated in the southern part of Poland in the region of the Carpathian Mountains, the following conclusions have been drawn:
& A significant factor of changes in the level of waste accumulation was the inclusion of the European Union (EU) law in the national law in the field of waste management
Summary
Waste can be categorised as hazardous or nonhazardous and inert. Non-hazardous waste includes kitchen waste, garden waste, paper and cardboard, textiles, metals and similar materials used in everyday life (Kawai and Tasaki 2016). Growth in terms of population, economy and the standard of living has contributed to by-products in the form of an increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) (Akdag et al 2016). Poland is obliged to maintain sustainable waste management by limiting the generated amount of waste and minimising the deposited MSW on the basis of Directive 2008/98/ EC (Gharfalkar et al 2015). In this respect, to increase recycling, the country is required to selectively gather at least a fraction of the following waste products: paper, plastic and glass (Pomberger et al 2017)
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