Extreme weather events in developing countries and related injuries and mental health disorders - a systematic review.

Elisabeth Rataj,Susan Garthus-Niegel,Katharina Kunzweiler

doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3692-7

Abstract

BackgroundDue to climate change, extreme weather events have an incremental impact on human health. Injuries and mental health disorders are a particular burden of disease, which is broadly investigated in high income countries. Most distressed populations are, however, those in developing countries. Therefore, this study investigates mental and physical health impacts arising from extreme weather events in these populations.MethodPost-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), injury [primary outcomes], anxiety and depressive disorders [secondary outcomes], caused by weather extremes were systematically analyzed in people of developing countries. A systematic review of observational studies was conducted searching six databases, complemented by hand search, and utilizing two search engines. Review processing was done independently by two reviewers. Prevalence rates were analyzed in a pre/post design; an additional semi-structured search was conducted, to provide reference data for studies not incorporating reference values.ResultsAll 17 identified studies (70,842 individuals) indicate a disease increase, compared to the reference data. Increase ranges from 0.7–52.6 % for PTSD, and from 0.3–37.3 % for injury. No studies on droughts and heatwaves were identified. All studies were conducted in South America and Asia.ConclusionThere is an increased burden of psychological diseases and injury. This finding needs to be incorporated into activities of prevention, preparedness and general health care of those developing countries increasingly experiencing extreme weather events. There is also a gap in research in Africa (in quantity and quality) of studies in this field and a predominant heterogeneity of health assessment tools.PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42014009109Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3692-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Highlights

Due to climate change, extreme weather events have an incremental impact on human health
There is an increased burden of psychological diseases and injury. This finding needs to be incorporated into activities of prevention, preparedness and general health care of those developing countries increasingly experiencing extreme weather events
The intersections of weather extremes and health are not investigated in depth, not in developing countries

Summary

Introduction

Extreme weather events have an incremental impact on human health. Injuries and mental health disorders are a particular burden of disease, which is broadly investigated in high income countries. This study investigates mental and physical health impacts arising from extreme weather events in these populations. The intersections of weather extremes and health are not investigated in depth, not in developing countries. There, about 32 million people fled their homes, just in 2012, because of extreme weather events [1]. People in developing countries carry a double burden of deprivation since they are. Climate change increases the likelihood of extreme weather events which have more than doubled in the past decades [3]. Even though data on injury might be comparatively obtained and monitored, e.g. via death statistics or hospitalization rates, there

Results

Discussion

Conclusion