Abstract
L. paracasei subp. paracasei X12 was previously isolated from a Chinese traditional fermented cheese with anticancer activities and probiotic potential. Herein, the integral peptidoglycan (X12-PG) was extracted by a modified trichloroacetic acid (TCA) method. X12-PG contained the four representative amino acids Asp, Glu, Ala and Lys, and displayed the similar lysozyme sensitivity, UV-visible scanning spectrum and molecular weight as the peptidoglycan standard. X12-PG could induce the production of apoptotic bodies observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X12-PG could significantly induced the translocation of calreticulin (CRT) and the release of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), the two notable hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD), with the endoplastic reticulum (ER) damaged and subsequently intracellular [Ca2+] elevated. Our findings implied that X12-PG could induce the ICD of HT-29 cells through targeting at the ER. The present results may enlighten the prospect of probiotics in the prevention of colon cancer.
Highlights
Colon cancer is one of leading causes of cancer death [1]
Extraction of X12-PG was processed according to the modified trichloroacetic acid (TCA) method
The extraction yield of X12-PG is 6.79%, which was calculated by the dry weight of extracts/bacterial sludge ratio
Summary
Colon cancer is one of leading causes of cancer death [1]. Several risk factors including westernized diet, obesity and physical inactivity have been demonstrated to closely relate to colon cancer [2].The microenvironment within colorectal neoplastic lesions significantly differs from the normal, where varieties of bacterial species are enriched such as Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bifidobacterium longum, Clostridium butyricum, Mitsuokella multiacida, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus bovis [3]. Colon cancer is one of leading causes of cancer death [1]. Several risk factors including westernized diet, obesity and physical inactivity have been demonstrated to closely relate to colon cancer [2]. The shift from normal microbiota to dysbiosis would increase the pathogenic potential of organisms, to chronic inflammation and high risks of colon cancer. In 1951, McCoy and Mason reported that a carcinoma of the cecum is associated with enterococcal endocarditis [4]. Since more and more studies reported that chronic intestinal inflammation is a well-established risk factor for colon cancer [5]. The detailed interactions between colonic microflora and colon cancer are not fully understood, a certain composition of gut microbiota may be efficient in the prevention of chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis [6,7]
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